Syntax III	Winter 2008		Assignment 5


crave		I crave to eat an artichoke heart.
tend		I tend to like fat monkeys.
intend		I intend to eat this pig's heart.
pretend		Bob pretended to eat the pig heart.
contend		The establishment contends that grades build character.
choose		I choose to eat pig hearts.
dare		I dare you to eat this pig's heart.
make		I made the pig eat bananas.
see		I saw the pig eat bananas.
claim		Bob claims to like pigs.
likely		The pigs are likely to bite you.
sure		The pigs are sure to taste good.
confident	We are confident that the pigs will be happy.
certain		The pigs are certain to be hungry.
good		Pig hearts are good to eat.
pleasant	Betty is pleasant to be with.
eager		I am eager to be with the pigs.
urge		I urge you to eat the pig's heart.
ready		The pigs are ready to eat.
able		We were able to see the pigs.
odd		Bob is odd to want to eat pig hearts.
crazy		It is crazy to want to eat pig hearts.
pretty		Betty is pretty to look at.
clear		It is clear that the pigs want out.
a bitch		That nut was a bitch to get off.
an asshole	Bob was an asshole to offer Shelley pig.

Each item is a predicate, either a verb or an adjective or a noun which
combines with `be` to yield the core of a verb phrase.  The assignment is
to choose at least three of these predicates and do the following:

For each predicate chosen, do the following things:

1.  Find out what surface complements it takes.  Does it take
    that-clauses as subject or object?  For-to clauses?  Poss-ing
    clauses?  VP complements (bare VP, to VP, ing VP)?

2.  Present an analysis that accounts for the facts you have observed
    about your predicate.  This will include a statement about the deep
    structure that the predicate occurs in, what transformations are
    allowed on this structure, whether any transformations are
    obligatory, and any further statements that are necessary to
    make the grammatical analysis accurate.

3.  List some other predicates that (so far as you can tell) behave
    like the predicate chosen.  If there are minor differences,
    note them.

4.  Discuss at least one other predicate that shares at least one
    surface structure with the chosen predicate, but which is
    fundamentally different.






    For example, suppose your chosen predicate was 'hate'.

	Bob hated to carry out the garbage.

    A little investigation is going to reveal that this is a
    Subject-Subject Equi verb.

    Now we have to compare it to something else.  Let's consider

	Bob needed to carry out the garbage.

    There is a difference, because

	There needs to be a place to put the garbage.

       *There hates to be a place to put the garbage.

    There has to be a reason for this difference.  What is it?








Now analyze the following:

1.  tend
2.  intend
3.  need
4.  have7	[I have to do my homework]

5.  Sally proved to be a good linguist.
6.  Sally was proved to be a good linguist.