Syntax I Final Exam
Due Monday March 18

As is the case with all assignments in this course, you may
collaborate on figuring out the answers; as always, write up your
response individually.

I.	Clausemates

In class you have been introduced to some tests for clausematehood.  For
example, in (1) we know that 'Sue' and 'Harvey' are clausemates, because
(assuming Passive is a clause-bounded Xn) they would have to be for (2)
to arise.  Similarly, we know that in (1) 'Joe' and 'Sue' are not clausemates,
because if they were (3) ought to be generated.

(1)  Joe thought Sue admired Harvey.

(2)  Joe thought Harvey was admired by Sue.

(3) *Sue was thought admired Harvey by Joe.

You can construct similar arguments using Reflexives.  Do that.

Now consider the following sentence (and others like it)

(4)  Joe expected Sue to admire Harvey.

and answer the following questions:

	(a)  Is 'Sue' a clausemate of 'Harvey'?

	(b)  Is 'Joe' a clausemate of 'Sue'?

	(c)  Is 'Joe' a clausemate of 'Harvey'?

Test these out carefully, giving evidence.

Now: what are you going to do about it?


II.   Expect and Persuade

Consider now:

(1)  She expected me to kiss the frog.
(2)  She persuaded me to kiss the frog.

These two sentences seem to have the same structure.  Yet there must be
some difference between expecting and persuading, because the two verbs cannot
always appear in the same context:

(3)  It expects the beer.
(4) *It persuades the beer.
(Actually, (4) might be grammatical in some very odd context involving
some non-standard assumptions about the cognitive abilities of beer.  Ignore
those for now.)

(5) *I expected Bill that the beer should be warm.
(6)  I persuaded Bill that the beer should be warm.
(7)  I expected the whisky to warm Bill.
(8)  The whiskey was expected to warm Bill.
(9) *I persuaded the whisky to warm Bill.
10)  I expected there to be a fly in your beer.
11)  There was expected to be a fly in the beer.
12) *I persuaded there to be a fly in your beer.
13)  I expect close tabs to be kept on her whereabouts.
14)  Close tabs are expected to be kept on her whereabouts.
15) *I will persuade close tabs to be kept on her whereabouts.
16)  I expect it to be clear that I like your plan.
17) *I will persuade it to be clear that I like your plan.
18)  Harvey expects himself to be imitated by his associates.


Our task here will be to find an analysis of sentences with the verb 'expect',
and a different analysis of sentences with the verb 'persuade', which can
account for the differences.

Answer these questions:

    (a)  What sort of 'it' do we have in (16)?
    (b)  Is 'expect' transitive or intransitive?	How many arguments?
	 What Theta-roles does 'expect' assign?
    (c)  How many arguments does 'persuade' have?
	 What Theta-roles does 'persuade' assign?

Propose, present, and discuss an analysis that accounts for all these facts.
Your analysis should also account for the fact that (19) and (20)
are synonymous, while (21) and (22) are not:

   (19)  Bill expected the doctor to examine Betty.
   (20)  Bill expected Betty to be examined by the doctor.

   (21)  Bill persuaded the doctor to examine Betty.
   (22)  Bill persuaded Betty to be examined by the doctor.

NOTE: other verbs that work like 'persuade' are

	force, compel, tell, ask

Can you find any more?  How about more like 'expect'?


III.  DERIVATIONS

This section just requires that you provide derivations, with appropriate
discussion, for the following sentences.  Be sure to include complete discussion
of your reasoning about the lexical subcategorizations, the proposed deep
structures, and the transformational and other operations involved in the
derivation of these sentences.

(1)  I dare you to eat this banana.

(2)  The results were proved to be impossible to verify.

(3)  The results proved to be impossible to verify.

(4)  There are asteroids believed to have been stolen from the moons of Jupiter.

(5)  The kids expect us to want them to be happy to paint them blue.

	(Explain why if the first 'them' refers to the kids, the second 'them'
	cannot.)