Linguistics 55							Spring 2009

		Problem Set 8: Turkish Phrase Structure

			Due Friday April 24

A.  Noun Phrases

(1)	maymun				"the monkey"
(2)	mutlu maymun			"the happy monkey"
(3)	bu maymun			"this monkey"
(4)	Su maymun			"this/that monkey"
(5)	o maymun			"that monkey"
(6)	bu mutlu maymun			"this happy monkey"
(7)	*bu maymun mutlu
(8)	*maymun mutlu bu
(9)	*mutlu bu maymun
(10)	*bu Su maymun
(11)	muz				"the banana"
(12)	lezzetli muz			"the delicious banana"
(13)	bu muz				"this banana"
(14)	Su muz				"this/that banana"
(15)	o muz				"that banana"
(16)	bu mutlu muz			"this happy banana"
(17)	araba				"the car"
(18)	pahalI araba			"the expensive car"
(19)	bu araba			"this car"
(20)	o araba				"that car"
(21)	bu gUzel araba			"this beautiful car"
(22)	Su pahalI araba			"this/that expensive car"

Based on these data, propose a small lexicon and a Phrase Structure rule
for Noun Phrases in Turkish.

Make up some Turkish Noun Phrases that are generated by your little grammar but
not given in the examples.

Discuss similarities and differences between Noun Phrase structure in Turkish,
English, and Indonesian.

B.  Modify your grammar to accommodate the following new data:

(23)	bu Cok mutlu maymun		"this very happy monkey"
(24)	Su gayet gUzel kIz		"this/that quite beautiful girl"
(25)	pek pahalI araba		"the too expensive car"
(26)	o Cok lezzetli muz		"that very delicious banana"
(27)	*bu Cok maymun
(28)	*bu mutlu Cok maymun
(29)	*Cok bu mutlu maymun

C.  The following data will require yet another modification:

(30)	bir maymun			"a monkey"
(31)	mutlu bir maymun		"a happy monkey"
(32)	Cok mutlu bir maymun		"a very happy monkey"
(33)	bir muz				"a banana"
(34)	pek pahalI bir araba		"too expensive a car"
(35)	biraz pahalI bir araba		"a somewhat expensive car"
(36)	*bir mutlu maymun
(37)	*bir Cok gUzel kIz
(38)	*Su gayet bir pahalI maymun



D.  Now we will look at some simple sentence structures in Turkish:

(39)	mutlu maymun gUlUyor		"the happy monkey is laughing"
(40)	pahalI muz dUSUyor		"the expensive banana is falling"
(41)	Su gayet gUzel domuz OlUyor	"that rather beautiful pig is dying"
(42)	bUyUk aGaC dUSUyor		"the big tree is falling"
(43)	gUzel bir kIz geliyor		"a beautiful girl is coming"
(44)	maymun muzu istiyor		"the monkey wants the banana"
(45)	muz maymunu istiyor		"the banana wants the monkey"
(46)	maymun muz ile oynuyor		"the monkey is playing with the banana"
(47)	gUzel maymun mutlu domuzu gOrUyor
	"the beautiful monkey sees the happy pig"
(48)	maymun arabadan korkuyor	"the monkey is afraid of the car"
(49)	gUzel kIz arabadan CIkIyor
	"the beautiful girl is getting out of the car"
(50)	gUzel kIz o Cirkin maymun ile konuSuyor
	"the beautiful girl is talking with that ugly monkey"
(51)	gUzel kIz sarhoS bir maymun gibi davranIyor
	"the beautiful girl is behaving like a drunken monkey"
(52)	maymun muza bakIyor		"the monkey is looking at the banana"
(53)	gUzel kIz maymuna gUlUyor
	"the beautiful girl is laughing at the monkey"
(54)	maymun bir muz iCin aGaca CIkIyor
	"the monkey is climbing the tree for a banana"
(55)	gUzel kIz maymun iCin SarkIyI sOylUyor
	"the beautiful girl is singing the song for the monkey"
(56)	maymun masada oturuyor		"the monkey is sitting on the table"
(57)	maymun muz ile odaya giriyor                      [NOT ambiguous]
	"the monkey is entering the room with the banana" [monkey has banana]
(58)	gUzel kIz arabada oturuyor
	"the beautiful girl is sitting in the car"
(59)	Su muz masada kalIyor		"that banana remains on the table"
(60)	Cok pahalI bir maymun o bUyUk aGaCtan dUSUyor
	"a very expensive monkey is falling from that big tree"
(61)	o adam Cirkin bir maymuna benziyor
	"that man resembles an ugly monkey"

Modify your Phrase Structure rules to account for these sentences.  Notice
that the nouns have multiple forms, but don't worry about that for now.  We
will discuss the Form Rules in class and section.  For now just try to get
the Phrase Structure rules right.

E.  Our grammar will need to account for these too:

(62)	maymun mutlu			"the monkey is happy"
(63)	muz masada			"the banana is on the table"
(64)	Su muz maymun iCin		"this/that banana is for the monkey"
(65)	bu su buz gibi			"this water is like ice"
(66)	o maymun gayet gUzel bir hayvan
	"that monkey is a quite beautiful animal"
(67)	AySe Cok gUzel bir kIz		"AySe is a very beautiful girl"

F.  Discuss the differences and similarities in Phrase Structure between
Turkish, English, and Indonesian.